The Basic of Essential oil

Essential oil or oil eteris is a term used for the oil that is easy to evaporate, consisting of a mixture of substances that easily evaporate, with the composition and boiling point is different. Destilation can be defined as the separation of the components of a mixture of two or more types based on differences in vapor pressure.
Most of the Essentia oil compound consists of hydrocarbons and the hydrocarbons isocyclic that has oxygen binding fenol such as alcohol, ether and others. Essential oil contains a variety of different chemical components and can be classified into four groups, namely:

• Terpena, related to isoprena,
• Chain compound does not contain straight chain branches,
• Benzena derivatives,
• Various other compound

Essential oil

Essential oil is not a pure chemical substance, but consists of a mixture of various substances that have different physical-chemical. Boiling point components of oil easy to evaporate in the range of 1500 C-3000 C at 760mmHg pressure.
There are two types of destilasi, namely: water destillation and moisture destillation. To water destillation, materials that will destillate contact directly with boiling water. Materials float on the water or submerged in perfect depending on the type and amount of destillate heavy material . Characteristics of this method is direct contact between the materials with boiling water. Some of the things that we can know from the distillation of water, among others:

• Type of distillation equipment simple, inexpensive, easily obtainable, easy to install in the areas of production.
• Type of material used, especially the mashed, the flowers that is easy to cause the fumes directly. Less well adapt materials that contain constituents that can be soap and dissolved in water or boiling drip high.
• Circumstances ranjangan form fine powder will give the best results.
• Charging must be entirely submerged in water.
• Diffusion take place either, if filled with a uniform material and can move freely in the boiling water.
• Vapor pressure of about 1 atm, temperature 1000 C, arranged so that the distillation boiler is not too hot.
• There is hidrolisa provide rendemen relatively low, because the constituents, the oil drip high boil water left behind in the distillation, and so forth.

Destilation advantage with this method, among others, is quite practical appliance, you can isolate the oil from the material in the powder, can be used for materials that cause if destillate with the steam, so that steam can not penetrated to the material. Losses of this method is some type of ester part will hidrolyzed , the sensitive compound such as aldehid experience polimerisation because the influence of water .